A proposta do governo federal e dos estados para a cesta básica nacional, na regulamentação da reforma tributária, incluiu as proteínas (carnes bovina, suína, ovina, caprina e de aves e produtos de origem animal) na tributação parcial.
Pelo projeto, enviado nesta semana ao Congresso Nacional, esses produtos serão tributados na proporção de 40% da alíquota cheia, que é estimada em 26,5% pela área econômica.
Na cesta básica nacional em vigor hoje esses produtos são isentos de impostos federais.
Questionado sobre a promessa do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva de baixar o preço da picanha, o secretário extraordinário para reforma tributária do Ministério da Fazenda, Bernard Appy, afirmou que haverá redução no peso dos tributos para todas as carnes.
Isso porque, segundo Appy, atualmente as proteínas são tributadas pelo ICMS estadual — mesmo que sejam isentas dos impostos federais (por estarem na cesta básica nacional).
O governo diz, com isso, que o peso dos impostos sobre as carnes, de uma forma geral, está em 12,7% atualmente (considerando o ICMS estadual e, também, resíduos tributários, ou seja, impostos sobre impostos).
Com a tributação parcial instituída pela reforma tributária, que vai passar a cobrar impostos não cumulativos, a área econômica diz que o peso dos tributos vai cair para 10,6%.
De acordo com o secretário Bernard Appy, do Ministério da Fazenda, a população de baixa renda, cerca de 73 milhões de pessoas, terá direito ao abatimento de 20% no chamado “cashback” — devolução do imposto pago. Para esse público, a alíquota seria menor ainda, de 8,5%.
Reforma tributária e a cesta básica
Na proposta do governo de regulamentação da reforma tributária o governo propôs, juntamente com os estados, uma redução no número de produtos para a cesta básica nacional.
A ideia é a de que a cesta básica contará com isenção dos futuros impostos sobre o consumo (CBS, o imposto sobre valor agregado do governo federal, e o IBS dos estados e municípios).
Uma das diretrizes, explicou o governo, foi a priorização de alimentos majoritariamente consumidos pelos mais pobres, com o propósito de assegurar que o máximo possível do benefício tributário seja apropriado pelas famílias de baixa renda.
“Para embasar a seleção destes alimentos, foi construído um indicador que mensura a relação entre o quanto cada alimento pesa no orçamento de alimentos das famílias de baixa renda e o quanto pesa no orçamento de alimentos das demais famílias, a partir das informações da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares do IBGE”, informa o documento.
Além disso, informou que outro princípio que embasou a proposta foi que a seleção dos alimentos, com tributação reduzida, não inclua aqueles cujo consumo seja concentrado “entre os mais ricos”.
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